FIP F&Qs

All that we can do at this point is observe what happens over the next several days and hope for the best. If he is developing a sore at the injection site it is possible that this is the cause of the signs we are seeing. If it is sensitive to touch, it is obviously bothering him. If it is a sore, it will either get worse and possibly become an open wound or quickly get better. If it is a sore, and it becomes an open wound, we will help guide you through the treatment. Although we do not wish for severe injection site reactions, this would be a situation where it would be the better choice.

The most dramatic improvement will be in the first week or two and will become slower after that. Do these cycles correspond with when you give the drugs, i.e., is he less active in the few hours after injections and more active as the time from treatment gets longer? We have noticed that some of our earlier field trial cats seemed get a little depressed for a couple of hours after injections. A higher dose will only make it worse. If she is relapsing it will become apparent and if it is just a reaction to the drug we will have to wait it out and see what happens when the treatment is finished.

We are working on changing the diluent for the drug to decrease the stinging and soreness, but that will probably not come to pass for several months and will only address any problem with the diluent and any effect of the drug itself. Applying lidocaine cream to the area after injection is like locking the barn door after the horses get out. We have also tried using it on injection sites before treatment and the owners that have tried it were not happy with the results and stopped using it.

There is no need to worry about giving routine vaccinations at this time. We need to worry first about getting the cat cured. I am also personally not a big fan of FVRCP boosters after the kitten-hood series, the necessity of even vaccinating cats for rabies (unless required by state or local law), or the need to give FeLV vaccines in cats that are at low risk for infection. However, if we can cure the cat of FIP he should be treated according to the standard of care agreed to by the profession, locality (rabies), and your practice policy. In short, treat him like any other normal cat, but let him get cured first.

We do not follow coronavirus antibody titers so I cannot answer your question. However, we would expect it to fall over many months if he were to go into a sustained remission. The fact that it is still high at this early stage does not worry us, but it is perhaps something we should follow if he does not relapse. If he relapses it is somewhat academic. All being said, we are optimistic. His disease signs went into a complete remission and equally important, he gained a lot in weight and stature over the last few weeks. These have been favorable signs with our other cases that suffered non-neurologic disease. The high coronavirus titer also reflects the intense response of his immune system to FIP virus. We would this titer to remain high for a while and then slowly return to a much lower titer.

We are hopeful that your cat will remain healthy after he stops his treatment, but we must also be prepared if he should relapse. Relapses can occur within 1-84 days, based on our experience with other cats we have treated. The clinical signs of relapse will be obvious in neurologic cases and will basically be a recurrence of the same problems. He will become febrile, stop eating, become less active, and the neurologic signs he had before will return. It is now a matter of documenting what occurs. You can also take his temperature every day for a couple of weeks and then every other day until we reach the 84 day mark. It will be important to monitor his activity level and weight through this period of time.

Cats and other small animals are not nearly as consistent in their systemic temps as humans and the fluctuations you see are not uncommon. The problem is that the more worried you are, the more temps you will take, and the more of these fluctuations you will see. Therefore, we worry less about these sort of fluctuations and much more worried when temps are consistently 103 and above. Most importantly, we always look at the entire picture and appetite, activity levels, and clinical signs are even more important. In short, fluctuations like this are OK as long as they do not become constant and are associated with a loss of appetite and activity. If your cat is otherwise ok, and given that there is no evidence yet of a sustained fever, I would recommend that we keep her at home where she can be freed from unnecessary stress and closely watched. A visit to the veterinarian may calm nerves, but it may also make the nerves worse.

The lymphocyte count is just a bit higher than normal, but this is actually good. A low lymphocyte count would indicate that the infection is active and severe, while high indicates that he is mounting an immune response.

No worry about kidney function as the BUN and Creatinine are within the normal range. We disregard the high phosphorous. Even if these were high, a urineanalysis would not tell us anything at this point. We can revisit these values in a month.

Yes, there is evidence of kidney damage and given the recent change and the fact that your cat is on this treatment, my guess is that your cat may have sustained some moderate kidney damage. We have only observed kidney damage, which was milder than this, in one of over 30 cats we treated for 12-36 weeks in total and even at higher dosages than what you used. However, this type of drug is known to cause kidney toxicity in some humans treated for HIV/AIDS or hepatitis C. This damage is reversible if you stop treatment soon enough, and I assume that you have already stopped treatment. If not, and you are at or near the end of the 12 weeks, stop it now. It will not reduce the chance of a cure. Make sure that your cat has ready access to water, and if his appetite is affected, feed him wet food that he loves with water added. Cats love wet food with gravy and this is where you can mix in a little extra water. There are commercial and home made diets for cats with kidney disease, but they are not very palatable and they do not treat kidney disease but rather help reduce the stress on the remaining healthy kidney tissue. I would also make sure that your veterinarian does a urinalysis to see how low the specific gravity has gone – the lower it is the more kidney damage. Also, the more water they consume and urine they produce, the more damage. You will also want to look at the urine for any sign of bacterial infection either in the urine sediment or by culture – if found, he should be immediately put on antibiotics.

This virus is so ubiquitous, hard to eliminate, and so easy to have re-infect, that I have argued that attempting to eliminate it will be a highly expensive and largely unproductive undertaking. Although it is possible to eliminate FECV from a small group of cats that are kept in strict isolation and using fecal testing, in reality, this is much easier said than done. Finally, even if you do get rid of it from your cats, with tremendous effort and expense, what are you going to do then?! The only way to keep it out is to maintain an extremely strict quarantine of cats and people moving in and out of your premises, which largely defeats the ability to maintain a functional shelter, rescue or cattery.

The AGP test is popular in Europe, but I cannot figure out why it is so. The test measures what we call a “phase reactant” and is a measure of inflammation in the body. It is totally non-specific and adds hardly anything to routine measurements such as overall appearance of health, loss of body weight, fever, abnormalities in white cell parameters in a CBC, albumin and globulin levels, A:G ratio, etc.

First, GS-441524 is extremely stable in a highly acidic diluent, such as is being used by these suppliers. We have kept it for months in a refrigerator. More likely reasons for relapses include insufficient treatment (poor injections, poor quality drug), inability to get sufficient drug levels into lesions (such as the brain), or drug resistance (We saw it in 1 cat in both our GC376 and GS-441524 trials).

Avoid stress and overcrowding. Keep cats in small, separate groups. Consider isolating kittens from a mother cat at weaning to avoid exposure to the virus. Don’t mix very young kittens with older kittens. If you can limit coronavirus exposure until 12-16 weeks of age, when the immune system is better developed, the likelihood of developing FIP may be lessened. Breeders should avoid matings between cats who have had close relatives that have died of FIP or who have produced kittens that developed FIP. Also follow accepted protocols for vaccinations and practice good husbandry to limit other infections. Clean and disinfect cages and litter boxes regularly. The corona virus is easily killed by bleach and other disinfectants.